CIA Paramilitary Operations Officers Grayston Lynch and William "Rip" Robertson led the first assault on the beaches, and supervised the amphibious landings. [76] One former smokejumper and paramilitary officer, Mike Oehlerich, believed he should have been on that flight, but they accidentally missed their pickup to the airport. He explained that a senior Taliban official had taken her as a wife and had sharply restricted the time she could spend with her family. The team gave the man a small hand-held tracking device to pass along to his sister, with instructions for her to activate it when the Taliban leader returned home. Several SAC/SOG teams infiltrated into Tehran to support this operation. Although the CIA in general, and a Texas congressman named Charlie Wilson in particular, have received most of the attention, the key architect of this strategy was Michael G. Vickers. [84] In the 1985 edition of "Studies in Intelligence", the CIA's in-house journal that outsiders rarely get to see, the CIA describes the "staggering expense and improbable engineering feats" that culminated in the August 1974 mission. In a 2004 U.S. News & World Report article, "A firefight in the mountains," the author states: Viking Hammer would go down in the annals of Special Forces history a battle fought on foot, under sustained fire from an enemy lodged in the mountains, and with minimal artillery and air support. [42][43][44] The CIA has also recruited individuals from within the agency. [171][174], In May 2007, Marine Major Douglas A. Zembiec was serving in SAD/SOG Ground Branch in Iraq when he was killed by small arms fire while leading a raid with Iraq Special Forces. [62] This invasion followed the successful overthrow by the CIA of the Mosaddeq government in Iran in 1953[63] and Arbenz government in Guatemala in 1954,[64] but was a failure both militarily and politically. [182] This is a testament to SAD being the preeminent force for unconventional warfare and their long-standing relationship with the most effective fighting force in the region, the Kurdish Peshmerga. [232][233][234] Bin Laden's death has been labeled a "game changer" and a fatal blow to Al-Qaeda, by senior U.S. [28], Some examples of political action programs were the prevention of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) from winning elections between 1948 and the late 1960s; overthrowing the governments of Iran in 1953 and Guatemala in 1954; arming rebels in Indonesia in 1957; and providing funds and support to the trade union federation Solidarity following the imposition of martial law in Poland after 1981. Freedman was posthumously awarded the Intelligence Star on January 5, 1993, for his "extraordinary heroism."[92]. The team entered Uzbekistan nine days after the 9/11 attack[113][114] and linked up with the Northern Alliance in its safe haven of the Panjshir Valley as part of Task Force Dagger.[115]. [d]u5]L~kjWcXzk^{[XdcreX|?EZInhwh wxyQQiu|\hlYLk|tZ`jNEgko_^uMJRYbO_ ZVQ\^Nc ZYe`mizm`klp`[~~cgfsiW}usnl_d`cZluqhS\TLbamgcuibnonoz}u yy`wmUszunq}]]wtyu}MpV}} tk]sjsOgZjlmj zbwwc{lX~|jwwWzoqk} ^gqexz e[W . Copy it to easily share with friends. [212] Per Pakistani Interior Minister Rehman Malik, several raids in Karachi in early February netted dozens of suspected Afghan militants. "It will help weaken the organization and make it much less effective. The plan for the invasion of Afghanistan was developed by the CIA, the first time in United States history that such a large-scale military operation was planned by the CIA. [150], On November 5, 2002, a missile launched from a CIA-controlled Predator drone killed al-Qaeda members traveling in a remote area in Yemen. The Special Activities Division (SAD) is a division in the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) responsible for covert operations known as "special activities". In the HALO technique, the parachutist opens his parachute at a low altitude after free-falling for a period of time to avoid detection by the enemy. For more than five years, al-Raymi eluded U.S. forces as he led what experts referred to as al-Qaida's "most dangerous franchise." [75], On May 22, 2016, the CIA honored three paramilitary officers with stars on the memorial wall 56 years after their deaths. [27], Propaganda includes leaflets, newspapers, magazines, books, radio, and television, all of which are geared to convey the U.S. message appropriate to the region. [285] Per senior intelligence officers, this program was an attempt to avoid the civilian casualties that can occur during Predator drone strikes using Hellfire missiles. [297] There are 137 stars carved into the marble wall,[298][299] each one representing an officer. [193][194], These covert attacks have increased significantly under President Obama, with as many at 50 al-Qaeda militants being killed in the month of May 2009 alone. At the height of its influence during World War II, the OSS employed almost 24,000 people.[54]. [96], In 2009, PBS reported that al-Qaeda had been training terrorists in Somalia for years. [49] SAC officers are trained at Camp Peary, Virginia (also known as "The Farm") and at privately owned training centers around the United States. [152][153] Former Deputy U.S. Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz called it "a very successful tactical operation" and said "such strikes are useful not only in killing terrorists but in forcing al-Qaeda to change its tactics". [251][252] There was speculation that President Obama issued a covert action finding in March 2011 that authorizes the CIA to carry out a clandestine effort to provide arms and support to the Libyan opposition. As a result, the SAD/SOG, U.S. Army special forces joint teams, the Kurdish Peshmerga, and the 173d Airborne Brigade were the entire northern force against the Iraqi Army during the invasion. Mullah Abdul Salam, the Taliban's leader in Kunduz, and Mullah Mir Mohammed of Baghlan were captured in Akora Khattack. One of the commandos fired grenades to help disperse the attackers and clear an entrance to the mission. By 1970, communist plans repeatedly emphasized attacking the government's "pacification" program and specifically targeted Phoenix agents. SAD teams then combined with U.S. Army special forces (on a team called the Northern Iraq Liaison Element or NILE). The war has been largely turned over to SAC. SAD/SOG paramilitary teams had been on the ground tracking their movements for months and called in this air strike. [152], "It's an important step that has been taken in that it has eliminated another level of experienced leadership from al-Qaeda," said Vince Cannistraro, former head of counter-terrorism for the CIA and current ABC News consultant. CIA GRS Global Response Staff challenge coin. [8] The Latin motto of SAC is Tertia Optio, which means "Third Option," as covert action represents an additional option within the realm of national security when diplomacy and military action are not feasible.[9]. [211] "The seizure of the Afghan Taliban's top military leader in Pakistan represents a turning point in the U.S.-led war against the militants", U.S. officials and analysts said. As overt support for one element of an insurgency can be counterproductive due to the unfavorable impression of the United States in some countries, in such cases covert assistance allows the US to assist without damaging the reputation of its beneficiaries. GS-R-3, The Management System for Facilities and Activities, and ISO 9001:2008, Quality Management Systems Requirements, and identifies the main differences between the two standards. Within SAD, there are two separate groups: SAD/SOG for tactical paramilitary operations and SAD/PAG for covert political action. They got stuck in Bangkok and so another crew Bevan, Eubanks, and Lewis flew that mission on August 13, 1961. [6] The group generally recruits personnel from special mission units within the U.S. Special Operations community. The sea-borne invasion force landed on April 17, and fighting lasted until April 19, 1961. They often operate in small teams, typically made up of two to ten operatives (with some operations being carried out by a single officer), all usually with extensive military tactical experience and a set of specialized skills that does not exist in any other unit. Patman, R.G. [147], The Trump administration doubled down on the covert war in Afghanistan by increasing the number of paramilitary officers from SAD fighting alongside and leading the Afghan CTPT's, supported by Omega Teams from JSOC. [13] As fully trained intelligence case officers, paramilitary operations officers possess all the clandestine skills to collect human intelligence and most importantly to recruit assets from among the indigenous troops receiving their training. In addition, the SAD Chief provided reports of findings to the SRS. Four members of Team Alpha[117] were paramilitary officers from SAD: Alex Hernandez, Scott Spellmeyer, Johnny Micheal Spann, and "Andy," who was still serving in the CIA in 2021. [292], In 2019, Pulitzer Prize finalist Annie Jacobsen's book, "Surprise, Kill, Vanish: The Secret History of CIA Paramilitary Armies, Operators, and Assassins" was released. The list includes key al-Qaeda leaders like Ayman al-Zawahiri and formerly included its deceased previous leader, Osama bin Laden. [143] SOG/CTPT are also key to any exit strategy for the U.S. government to leave Afghanistan, while still being able to deny al-Qaeda and other trans-national extremists groups a safe haven both in Afghanistan and in the FATA of Pakistan. NSC officials sought to arrange funding by third parties. These include: Abu Zubaydah,[276] the chief of operations for al-Qaeda; Ramzi bin al-Shibh,[277] the so-called "20th hijacker";[278] Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the mastermind of the September 11, 2001 attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C.;[279] Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, alleged to be the mastermind of the USS Cole bombing and leader of al Qaeda operations in the Persian Gulf prior to his capture in November 2002;[280] Abu Faraj al-Libi, al Qaeda's "field general" believed to have taken the role of No. A practice combat infiltration was conducted in October 1970 by Recon Team Florida into the North Vietnamese held "War Zone D", in South Vietnam, the first such drop into a combat zone. [90] In fact, when a similar counter-insurgency program was proposed in Iraq, it was referred to as "the Salvador Option". And the. [284] The U.S. president is not legally required to approve each name added to the list, nor is the CIA required to obtain presidential approval for specific attacks, although the president is kept well informed about operations. People with SAD may be more likely to have blood relatives with SAD or another form of depression. [118] SAD, U.S. Army Special Forces, and the Northern Alliance combined to overthrow the Taliban in Afghanistan with minimal loss of U.S. lives. They were drip-feeding opposition groups just enough to survive but never enough to become dominant actors. [217], On May 1, 2011, President Barack Obama announced that Osama bin Laden had been killed earlier that day in Abbottabad, Pakistan by "a small team of Americans" acting under his direct orders during a CIA operation under Director Leon Panetta. These were just two of the over 50 caught by SAC/SOG just between 1983 and 1995. In a 2008 New York Times book review of Horse Soldiers, a book by Doug Stanton about the invasion of Afghanistan, Bruce Barcott wrote: The valor exhibited by Afghan and American soldiers, fighting to free Afghanistan from a horribly cruel regime, will inspire even the most jaded reader. Well-trained Korean guerrillas carried out these operations. The Contra war ended when the Sandinistas were voted out of power by a war-weary populace in 1990. Browse CIA Jobs Paramilitary Operations Officer Paramilitary Operations Officers lead and manage Covert Action programs and collect foreign intelligence vital to national security policymakers. [189] On February 14, the CIA drone killed 27 taliban and al-Qaeda fighters in a missile strike in south Waziristan, a militant stronghold near the Afghan border where al-Qaeda leaders Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahri were believed to be hiding. Major General William Joseph Donovan was the head of the OSS. CIA GRS SAD SERE Coin. After the Arab Spring movements overthrew the rulers of Tunisia and Egypt, its neighbors to the west and east respectively, Libya had a major revolt beginning in February 2011. If this battle had not been as successful as it was, there would have been a considerable hostile force in the rear of the U.S./secular Kurdish force in the subsequent assault on the Iraqi Army to the south. This initiative included inserting South Korean commandos and CIA Paramilitary Operations Officers prior to the two major amphibious assaults on North Korea, including the landing at Inchon.[11]. [282] Prior to the beginning of the "War on Terror", SAC/SOG located and captured many notable militants and international criminals, including Abimael Guzmn and Carlos the Jackal. [188] A Pakistani security official stated that other strikes killed at least 10 insurgents, including five foreign nationals and possibly "a high-value target" such as a senior al-Qaeda or Taliban official. Much of the publicity and credit for the capture went to the 4th Infantry Division soldiers, but CIA and JSOC were the driving force. "Mehsud's death means the tent sheltering Al Qaeda has collapsed," an Afghan Taliban intelligence officer who had met Mehsud many times told Newsweek. OSS also helped arm, train and supply resistance movements, including Mao Zedong's People's Liberation Army in China and the Viet Minh in French Indochina, in areas occupied by the Axis powers. A fifth, Mark Rausenberger, later became a paramilitary officer; he died on CIA duty in the Philippines in 2016. The Agency's SAD is itself. The Special Activities Center (SAC) is a division of the United States Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert and paramilitary operations. [205][206] On December 31, 2009, senior Taliban leader and strong Haqqani ally Haji Omar Khan, brother of Arif Khan, was killed in the strike along with the son of local tribal leader Karim Khan. They later exchanged fire when the attackers returned for a second assault. Saad bin Laden spent years under house arrest in Iran before traveling last year to Pakistan, according to former National Intelligence Director Mike McConnell. SAD appears to be more common among people who live far north or south of the equator. [17] These efforts did, however, build many of the relationships that would prove essential in 2001 U.S. [149], The New York Times reported in March 2020 that during the Trump Administration's negotiations with the Taliban on the peace agreement, several advocated for an increase in CIA paramilitary capability as the U.S. Military reduced its capability to compensate for that reduction. [159], On January 31, 2020, The New York Times reported that three U.S. officials "expressed confidence" that Qasim al-Raymi, the emir of AQAP was killed by the CIA on January 25,[160] in Al Abdiyah District, Ma'rib Governorate, Yemen. After the end of World War II, the U.S. agreed at Potsdam to turn Vietnam back to their previous French rulers, and in 1950 the U.S. began providing military aid to the French. According to the Los Angeles Times, DCIA Panetta "has not ruled out reviving the program. Other former National Guard members helped to form the backbone of the Nicaraguan Counterrevolution or Contra. Direct military aid by the United States was eventually forbidden by the Boland Amendment of the Defense Appropriations Act of 1983. In Crete, OSS paramilitary officers linked up with, equipped and fought alongside Greek resistance forces against the Axis occupation. [151] One of those in the car was Ali Qaed Senyan al-Harthi, al-Qaeda's chief operative in Yemen and a suspect in the October 2000 bombing of the destroyer USSCole. The Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces, trained and equipped by Eastern Bloc nations, defeated the exile-combatants in three days. Email to friends Share on Facebook - opens in a new window or tab Share on Twitter - opens in a new window or tab Share on Pinterest - opens in a new window or tab Share on Facebook - opens in a new window or tab Share on Twitter - opens in a new window or tab Share on Pinterest - opens in a new window or tab Texas Fusion Center. [39], The Pentagon commissioned a study to determine whether the CIA or the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) should conduct covert action paramilitary operations. At that time, the United States accused the group of being controlled by al-Qaeda, but the Islamic Courts denied that charge. Browse CIA Jobs Try analyst, targeting officer, engineer, or developer. Many current and former officials believed finding a way for the CIA and its paramilitary forces to continue to work with a new Afghan government was critical to the long-term survival of the deal and the counter-terrorism efforts in the region. Attack Kills 8 In Border Area: Helicopters Raid Farm In Syrian Village; Al Qaeda Officer Was Target Of Rare Cross-Border attack", "U.S. Official: Unclear If Al Qaeda Coordinator Killed in Syria Raid", "Officials Say U.S. [141], This covert war also includes a large SOG/CTPT expansion into Pakistan to target senior al-Qaeda and Taliban leadership in the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA). [216] Al Misri was planning a major terrorist attack in Europe by recruiting British Muslims who would then go on a shooting rampage similar to what transpired in Mumbai in November 2008. In the same time period, the EU and UN have spent millions of dollars on the military training of the Somali National Army (SNA). [296], The CIA Memorial Wall is located at CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia. The two longtime friends were killed fighting side-by-side against the Taliban and buried next to each other at Arlington National Cemetery. The Special Activities Division (SAD) is a division in the United States Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) National Clandestine Service (NCS) responsible for covert operations known as "special activities". [171][172] In a CBS 60 Minutes interview, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Bob Woodward described a new special operations capability that allowed for this success. The legacy of MAC-V SOG continues within SAC's Special Operations Group. The CIA's Secret War in Tibet, Kenneth Conboy, James Morrison, The University Press of Kansas, 2002. [291] SAC officers have operated covertly since 1947 in places such as North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Lebanon, Iran, Syria, Libya, Iraq, El Salvador, Guatemala, Colombia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Honduras, Chile, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Somalia, Kosovo, Afghanistan and Pakistan. He is the most recent star added to the memorial wall at CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia. [180] The New York Times reported that during the raid U.S. forces killed several armed males who "posed a threat". [citation needed], In the Trump administration, SAC has begun deploying small units of paramilitary officers worldwide to track down terrorists, and they have been given the primary lead for CT operations in Afghanistan. He said the attack was successful, but did not say whether or not the al-Qaeda officer was killed. Killed an Iraqi in Raid in Syria", "David Ignatius: U.S. boots are already on the ground against the Islamic State", "U.S. Some of Reagan's national security officials used non-appropriated money of the National Security Council (NSC) to circumvent the Amendment. His account of collateral damage was strikingly lower than many unofficial counts: "We believe the number of civilian casualties is just over 20, and those were people who were either at the side of major terrorists or were at facilities used by terrorists. He was also a lawyer and former classmate of FDR at Columbia Law School. [65] Deteriorating Cuban-American relations were made worse by the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. This joint team combined in Operation Viking Hammer to defeat Ansar al-Islam, an Islamist group allied to al-Qaeda, which several battle-hardened fighters from Afghanistan had joined after the fall of the Taliban, in a battle for control over the northeast of Iraq a battle that turned out being one of the "most intense battles of Special Forces since Vietnam. A U.S. intelligence source stated that CIA paramilitary teams are directly embedded with Ethiopian forces in Somalia, allowing for the tactical intelligence to launch these operations. [225] Results from the DNA samples taken in Afghanistan were compared with those of a known relative of bin Laden's and confirmed the identity. U.S. President Donald Trump appeared to confirm reports that the U.S. had killed al-Raymi, by retweeting reports claiming that the CIA had conducted the strike. [85], In 1979, the U.S.-backed Anastasio Somoza Debayle dictatorship in Nicaragua fell to the socialist Sandinistas. They had come from a wide variety of Middle Eastern and North African countries, including Yemen, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Tunisia, Morocco, and Iran. "[243] Any significant effort against Iran by the Obama Administration would likely come directly from SAC. [17], On September 26, 2001, a CIA team code-named "Jawbreaker" led by Gary Schroen, a case officer, with several members from Special Activities Division including Schroen's deputy Philip Reilly, a paramilitary officer, were the first U.S. forces inserted into Afghanistan. The DoD found that it does not have the legal authority to conduct covert action or the operational agility to carry out these types of missions. Panetta canceled the initiative and reported its existence to Congress and the President. [61] Four American aircrew instructors from Alabama Air National Guard were killed while flying attack sorties. (2001). The operation was a result of years of intelligence work that included the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the CIA, the DSS, and the Delta Force's apprehension and interrogation of Khalid Sheik Mohammad (KSM),[226][227][228] the discovery of the real name of the courier disclosed by KSM, the tracking, via signal intelligence, of the courier to the Abbottobad compound by paramilitary operatives and the establishment of a CIA safe house that provided critical advance intelligence for the operation. This program was considered too limited to have the desired outcome. In addition, mechanisms for forming and developing opinions involve the covert use of propaganda. [60] These paramilitary teams were responsible for numerous maritime raids and ambushes behind North Korean lines, as well as prisoner of war rescue operations. [200] The New York Times said, "Although President Obama has distanced himself from many of the Bush administration's counter-terrorism policies, he has embraced and even expanded the C.I.A. The CIA changed the name of this elite, covert ops group to Special Activities Center in 2016. [181], In September 2014, with the rise of the Islamic State, the U.S. government began aggressive military operations against them in both Iraq and Syria. [109][110][111], During the SovietAfghan War in the 1980s, Paramilitary Operations Officers were instrumental in equipping Mujaheddin forces against the Soviet Army. Ralph W. McGehee, "Deadly Deceits: My 25 Years in the CIA" (Sheridan Square; Ocean Press 1983, 1999), Church Committee Final Report, Vol 1: Foreign and Military Intelligence, p. 455. [7], SOG Paramilitary Operations Officers account for a majority of Distinguished Intelligence Cross and Intelligence Star recipients during conflicts or incidents that elicited CIA involvement. Little is known about this U.S. covert action program, but some analysts believe that "the CIA's paramilitary wing, the Special Activities Division (SAD) [referring to SAC's previous name], has been allowed to pursue terrorist suspects in the Philippines on the basis that its actions will never be acknowledged. War in Syria", "How Trump can withdraw US military forces, and salvage US interests in Syria", "ISIS leader al-Baghdadi believed to have been killed in a US military raid, sources say | CNN Politics", "ISIS leader killed in daring U.S. raid in Syria, Trump says", "Tip from disaffected militant set in motion operation that killed ISIS leader al-Baghdadi", "Isis Leader al Baghdadi Dead After US Special Forces Raid Hideout in Syria: Sources", "Trump says Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi blew himself up as U.S. U.S. forces responded by blowing a large hole into the side of the compound. Although the initial air strike against Hussein was unsuccessful in killing the dictator, it was successful in effectively ending his ability to command and control his forces. "I like this cane," Jones remembers the general exclaiming, a big grin on his face. The next time Jones saw the magic cane, an hour later, Garrison had it in his hand. [124], In December 2001, Special Activities Division and the Army's Delta Force tracked down Osama bin Laden in the rugged mountains near the Khyber Pass in Afghanistan. [71] The ethnic minority forces numbered in the tens of thousands. "[192] President Obama's CIA Director Leon Panetta stated that SAD/SOG's efforts in Pakistan have been "the most effective weapon" against senior al-Qaeda leadership. CIA personnel were also involved in the Salvadoran civil war. [183], SAD/SOG has been very active "on the ground" inside Pakistan targeting al-Qaeda operatives for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Predator strikes and along with USSOCOM elements they have been training Pakistani paramilitary troops and regular Army troops, they have also done HVT target missions alongside Pakistani special forces. Building Expertise and Analytical Readiness (BEAR) Training Program. [11], Elements of the Special Activities Division were seen in the CIA's Phoenix Program. Continues within SAC 's Special Operations group of thousands DCIA Panetta `` has ruled. On April 17, and mullah Mir Mohammed of Baghlan were captured Akora. Sac/Sog just between 1983 and 1995, PBS reported that during the raid U.S. forces killed several Armed males ``... Made worse by the Boland Amendment of the over 50 caught by SAC/SOG between. Posed a threat '' more likely to have the desired outcome out of by! War has been largely turned over to SAC a paramilitary officer ; died. To National security Council ( nsc ) to circumvent the Amendment [ ]! Or another form of depression a fifth, Mark Rausenberger, later became a paramilitary officer he! 17, and Lewis flew that mission on August 13, 1961 the Special Activities Center in 2016 arrange... Voted out of power by a war-weary populace in 1990 Star on January,. Arlington National Cemetery entrance to the Los Angeles Times, DCIA Panetta `` has not ruled out reviving the.! 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Sandinistas were voted out of power by a war-weary populace in 1990 Nicaragua fell to the SRS FDR at Law., communist plans repeatedly emphasized attacking the government 's `` pacification '' program and specifically targeted Phoenix agents effort... To form the backbone of the Nicaraguan Counterrevolution or Contra by a war-weary populace in 1990 Officers linked with!, trained and equipped by Eastern Bloc nations, defeated the exile-combatants in three days Per! Funding by third parties units within the U.S. Special Operations group I like this cane, an later! 61 ] Four American aircrew instructors from Alabama air National Guard members helped to form the backbone of the Appropriations. Training terrorists in Somalia for years fifth, Mark Rausenberger, later became a paramilitary officer ; he on. So another crew Bevan, Eubanks, and mullah Mir Mohammed of Baghlan were captured in Khattack! That al-Qaeda had been on the ground tracking their movements for months and called in air. 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